Unit 5 Flashcards
Revolutions (1750-1900)
Drill the core vocabulary before moving into practice questions.
50
Total cards
8
Recommended in one sitting
12-15 min
Estimated time
Flashcard drill
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Spaced repetition
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Card list
Use these as quick recall prompts. Add definitions after your first pass.
Enlightenment
Intellectual movement emphasizing reason, natural rights, and social contracts.
John Locke
Philosopher who argued for natural rights and government by consent.
Rousseau
Thinker who promoted popular sovereignty and the general will.
Social contract
Theory that political authority comes from agreements among the governed.
American Revolution
Colonial rebellion that created the United States and spread Enlightenment ideals.
French Revolution
Overthrow of the French monarchy; promoted liberty, equality, and nationalism.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
1789 statement of natural rights and citizenship in revolutionary France.
Napoleon
French leader who spread revolutionary ideals and conquered much of Europe.
Haitian Revolution
Enslaved revolt leading to Haiti's independence; led by Toussaint Louverture.
Toussaint Louverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution who advanced abolition and independence.
Latin American revolutions
Independence movements led by creoles in Spanish and Portuguese America.
Simon Bolivar
Liberator who led independence movements in northern South America.
Nationalism
Ideology that people with shared culture/history should have a nation-state.
Congress of Vienna
1815 meeting that restored conservative order after Napoleon.
Abolitionism
Movement to end slavery and the slave trade.
Suffragette movement
Campaign for women's voting rights in the 19th century.
Industrialization's political impact
Shifts in power that fueled liberal and nationalist movements.
Liberalism
Political ideology favoring individual rights and representative government.
Conservatism
Ideology emphasizing tradition and resistance to rapid change.
Feminism
Movement advocating women's social, political, and legal equality.
Jacobins
Radical faction during the French Revolution that led the Reign of Terror.
Miguel Hidalgo
Mexican priest who launched the 1810 independence revolt with the Grito de Dolores.
Olympe de Gouges
French writer who demanded women's rights in the Declaration of the Rights of Woman.
Seven Years' War
Global conflict (1756-1763) that weakened France and set context for colonial revolts.
Stamp Act
British tax on printed materials that fueled colonial resistance in North America.
Common Sense
Thomas Paine pamphlet arguing for American independence.
Declaration of Independence
1776 statement asserting natural rights and colonial separation from Britain.
Estates-General
French representative assembly that met in 1789, sparking the Revolution.
National Assembly
Revolutionary body that claimed to represent the French people and ended feudal privileges.
Tennis Court Oath
1789 pledge by the Third Estate to draft a constitution for France.
Storming of the Bastille
1789 event symbolizing popular resistance to absolutism.
Reign of Terror
1793-1794 period of revolutionary repression led by the Jacobins.
Maximilien Robespierre
Jacobin leader associated with the Reign of Terror.
Napoleonic Code
French civil code that spread legal equality and property rights.
Peninsular War
Conflict against Napoleon in Spain that weakened imperial control of Latin America.
Toussaint Louverture
Haitian revolutionary leader who fought for abolition and autonomy.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
Leader who declared Haitian independence in 1804.
Creoles
American-born elites of European descent who led independence movements.
Peninsulares
Iberian-born elites in Spanish America who held top offices.
Jose de San Martin
South American leader who helped liberate Argentina, Chile, and Peru.
Miguel Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores
1810 call for Mexican independence that sparked widespread rebellion.
Creole nationalism
Ideology promoting independence and political power for American-born elites.
Popular sovereignty
Principle that government derives authority from the people.
Natural rights
Rights to life, liberty, and property (or happiness) inherent to individuals.
Liberalism
Political ideology supporting constitutional government and individual freedoms.
Conservatism
Ideology favoring tradition and gradual change, linked to the Congress of Vienna.
Nationalism in Europe
Movements for unified nation-states in Italy and Germany during the 1800s.
Chartism
British working-class movement demanding political reform and suffrage expansion.
Abolition of slavery (Britain 1833)
Parliamentary act ending slavery in most of the British Empire.
Seneca Falls Convention
1848 women's rights convention in the United States issuing the Declaration of Sentiments.
Study flow
- Preview each term and write a quick definition in your own words.
- Use three terms in a single sentence to connect concepts.
- Return tomorrow and test yourself with the same list.