AP World Prep

SAQ

Describe ONE way in which the Ottoman Empire expanded its territory between 1450 and 1750. Explain ONE way in which the Mughal Empire maintained control over its diverse population. Explain ONE similarity in how the Ottoman and Mughal Empires legitimized their rule.

Multiple Choice

Which policy best illustrates how land-based empires incorporated religious diversity?

• Ming bans on foreign trade
• Ottoman millet system
• Spanish encomienda system
• British Navigation Acts

Suggested answer: Ottoman millet system

LEQ

Evaluate the extent to which gunpowder technology changed methods of state consolidation between 1450 and 1750.

Multiple Choice

The devshirme system is best described as:

• A Mughal tax reform
• Ottoman recruitment of Christian boys for state service
• A Safavid trade network
• A Qing frontier defense policy

Suggested answer: Ottoman recruitment of Christian boys for state service

Multiple Choice

Janissaries were:

• Mughal cavalry commanders
• Elite Ottoman infantry loyal to the sultan
• Safavid religious judges
• Tokugawa daimyo

Suggested answer: Elite Ottoman infantry loyal to the sultan

Multiple Choice

The Battle of Chaldiran (1514) is significant because it:

• Demonstrated the military advantage of gunpowder artillery
• Ended Ottoman control of Istanbul
• Created the Mughal Empire
• Established the Canton System

Suggested answer: Demonstrated the military advantage of gunpowder artillery

Multiple Choice

Shah Abbas I is best known for:

• Weakening Safavid central power
• Strengthening Safavid administration and promoting trade
• Founding the Tokugawa shogunate
• Abolishing Shi'a Islam in Persia

Suggested answer: Strengthening Safavid administration and promoting trade

Multiple Choice

A major religious difference between the Safavid and Ottoman Empires was:

• Safavid Shi'a Islam versus Ottoman Sunni Islam
• Safavid Christianity versus Ottoman Islam
• Safavid Buddhism versus Ottoman Hinduism
• Safavid Shinto versus Ottoman Confucianism

Suggested answer: Safavid Shi'a Islam versus Ottoman Sunni Islam

Multiple Choice

Akbar's policy of sulh-i kul emphasized:

• Religious tolerance and unity
• Strict enforcement of jizya
• Isolation from foreign trade
• Expansion through naval conquest

Suggested answer: Religious tolerance and unity

Multiple Choice

Mansabdars in the Mughal Empire were:

• Ranked officials who provided military and administrative service
• Religious leaders who interpreted sharia
• Independent merchant guilds
• Peasant laborers on plantations

Suggested answer: Ranked officials who provided military and administrative service

Multiple Choice

The Zabt system in Mughal India was a:

• Land revenue assessment system
• Naval trade monopoly
• Military caste system
• Confucian exam structure

Suggested answer: Land revenue assessment system

Multiple Choice

Aurangzeb's reign is associated with:

• Expanded territory and increased religious orthodoxy
• Immediate Mughal decline due to isolationism
• Abolition of all taxes on non-Muslims
• Creation of the Tokugawa shogunate

Suggested answer: Expanded territory and increased religious orthodoxy

Multiple Choice

The Taj Mahal primarily symbolizes:

• Mughal wealth and Islamic artistic influence
• Ottoman naval dominance
• Safavid military conquest
• Qing agricultural reforms

Suggested answer: Mughal wealth and Islamic artistic influence

Multiple Choice

The millet system in the Ottoman Empire:

• Allowed religious minorities autonomy under their own leaders
• Forced conversion to Islam
• Banned all local customs
• Ended tax collection in provinces

Suggested answer: Allowed religious minorities autonomy under their own leaders

Multiple Choice

The Timar system was intended to:

• Reward military service with land revenues
• Replace the janissaries with mercenaries
• Abolish provincial administration
• Create joint-stock companies

Suggested answer: Reward military service with land revenues

Multiple Choice

Suleiman the Magnificent is most known for:

• Codifying laws and expanding Ottoman territory
• Founding the Safavid Empire
• Ending the Ottoman navy
• Unifying China under the Ming

Suggested answer: Codifying laws and expanding Ottoman territory

Multiple Choice

The banner system is most closely associated with:

• Manchu organization of Qing society and military
• Ottoman provincial taxes
• Mughal religious councils
• Tokugawa isolationist trade policy

Suggested answer: Manchu organization of Qing society and military

Multiple Choice

The queue hairstyle policy under the Qing:

• Signaled loyalty to Manchu rule
• Encouraged European fashion in China
• Was a Mughal military requirement
• Marked membership in the Ottoman millet system

Suggested answer: Signaled loyalty to Manchu rule

Multiple Choice

The Canton System limited foreign trade to:

• A single port under strict regulation
• Multiple inland caravan cities
• All ports in Japan
• Only Russian merchants in Siberia

Suggested answer: A single port under strict regulation

Multiple Choice

Ming efforts like rebuilding the Great Wall were aimed at:

• Defending against northern nomadic incursions
• Encouraging European settlement
• Supporting Atlantic trade
• Ending tributary relations

Suggested answer: Defending against northern nomadic incursions

Multiple Choice

The Romanov dynasty in Russia began after:

• The Time of Troubles
• The Battle of Chaldiran
• The Protestant Reformation
• The fall of the Qing

Suggested answer: The Time of Troubles

Multiple Choice

Cossacks contributed to Russian expansion by:

• Serving as frontier fighters and explorers
• Establishing maritime empires in the Indian Ocean
• Leading Chinese tributary missions
• Creating Mughal administrative posts

Suggested answer: Serving as frontier fighters and explorers

Multiple Choice

Peter the Great's westernization policies primarily aimed to:

• Modernize Russia's military and administration
• Return Russia to nomadic pastoralism
• End trade with Europe
• Adopt the Ottoman millet system

Suggested answer: Modernize Russia's military and administration

Multiple Choice

The Tokugawa policy of sankin-kotai:

• Kept daimyo under surveillance by requiring alternate residence
• Invited European missionaries to Japan
• Created a centralized civil service exam
• Ended samurai privileges

Suggested answer: Kept daimyo under surveillance by requiring alternate residence

Multiple Choice

Sakoku refers to:

• Tokugawa restrictions on foreign contact
• Safavid promotion of Christianity
• Mughal naval expansion
• Qing abolition of the tributary system

Suggested answer: Tokugawa restrictions on foreign contact

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes absolutism?

• Monarchs claimed supreme central authority
• Power was shared with elected assemblies
• Rulers lacked any religious legitimacy
• States avoided standing armies

Suggested answer: Monarchs claimed supreme central authority

Multiple Choice

Jesuit missionaries in China are notable for:

• Introducing European science and astronomy at court
• Establishing the Ottoman navy
• Leading Maratha resistance
• Creating the millet system

Suggested answer: Introducing European science and astronomy at court

Multiple Choice

Which policy best reflects Qing efforts to manage foreign relations?

• Canton System and tributary rituals
• Devshirme recruitment
• Sankin-kotai
• Atlantic mercantilism

Suggested answer: Canton System and tributary rituals

Multiple Choice

The Safavid state relied heavily on:

• Qizilbash military support
• European joint-stock companies
• Japanese daimyo alliances
• Ming tribute missions

Suggested answer: Qizilbash military support

Multiple Choice

A key difference between Mughal and Ottoman rule was:

• Mughals ruled a largely Hindu population, Ottomans ruled diverse Muslim/Christian populations
• Mughals rejected gunpowder weapons, Ottomans embraced them
• Ottomans lacked centralized administration, Mughals had none
• Mughals were nomadic, Ottomans were pastoral

Suggested answer: Mughals ruled a largely Hindu population, Ottomans ruled diverse Muslim/Christian populations

Multiple Choice

The Mughal Empire's reliance on zamindars meant:

• Local elites collected taxes and maintained order
• Central bureaucrats directly managed all villages
• The army controlled all religious courts
• Trade was restricted to Canton

Suggested answer: Local elites collected taxes and maintained order

Multiple Choice

The Ottoman Empire's use of gunpowder artillery most directly:

• Improved siege warfare and expansion
• Eliminated the need for infantry
• Ended trade with Europe
• Created the Qing dynasty

Suggested answer: Improved siege warfare and expansion

Multiple Choice

The rise of the Manchu Qing dynasty followed:

• The fall of the Ming and Manchu military conquest
• European colonization of China
• The end of the Tokugawa shogunate
• The collapse of the Mughal Empire in 1450

Suggested answer: The fall of the Ming and Manchu military conquest

Multiple Choice

Which development best illustrates religious legitimation in land-based empires?

• Ottoman sultans claiming to be defenders of Sunni Islam
• Portuguese adoption of Islam
• Ming bans on Confucian education
• Sakoku isolation

Suggested answer: Ottoman sultans claiming to be defenders of Sunni Islam

SAQ

Explain ONE way the Ottoman Empire used bureaucracy or military organization to consolidate power. Explain ONE challenge the empire faced in maintaining control over diverse populations.

SAQ

Describe ONE way the Safavid Empire used religion to build legitimacy. Explain ONE way the Safavids promoted trade or urban growth.

SAQ

Explain ONE way the Mughal Empire incorporated non-Muslims into governance. Explain ONE consequence of Aurangzeb's policies for Mughal stability.

SAQ

Describe ONE way Ming or Qing rulers reinforced Confucian values. Explain ONE way those values shaped social hierarchy.

SAQ

Explain ONE reason Russia expanded into Siberia. Explain ONE impact of that expansion on indigenous peoples or trade.

SAQ

Describe ONE similarity between the Ottoman and Mughal military systems. Explain ONE difference in how they staffed or paid soldiers.

SAQ

Explain ONE way Tokugawa policies stabilized Japan. Explain ONE economic or social effect of that stability.

SAQ

Describe ONE example of state-building in East Asia between 1450 and 1750. Explain ONE limitation faced by that state.

SAQ

Explain ONE way gunpowder technology affected warfare. Explain ONE way it influenced political authority.

SAQ

Describe ONE continuity in imperial administration from 1450 to 1750. Explain ONE change in methods of legitimation.

SAQ

Explain ONE reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire. Explain ONE consequence of that decline in South Asia.

SAQ

Describe ONE example of cultural or artistic achievement used to demonstrate imperial power. Explain ONE way it reinforced legitimacy.

SAQ

Explain ONE way religious diversity created administrative challenges. Explain ONE strategy empires used to manage those challenges.

SAQ

Describe ONE way trade or taxation supported imperial finances. Explain ONE consequence of heavy taxation on subjects.

LEQ

Evaluate the extent to which religious policy shaped state-building in the Ottoman, Safavid, or Mughal Empires from 1450 to 1750.

LEQ

Compare and contrast the political consolidation of Russia and China between 1450 and 1750.

DBQ

Using the provided documents, analyze how gunpowder technology influenced the rise of land-based empires between 1450 and 1750.

DBQ

Using the provided documents, analyze the role of religion in legitimizing authority in land-based empires from 1450 to 1750.